Tribal Rights and Federalism: Addressing Indigenous Concerns in India

Abstract

This article deals with the interface of tribal rights and federalism in India and the challenges of indigenous communities in that zone lie in the safety of their land, resources, and cultural identities. The analysis of constitutional provisions made under Fifth and Sixth Schedules will be made from the viewpoint of efficiency and limitations in safeguarding tribal autonomy. The article attempts to delineate mixed trends of success and failure in protecting tribal rights through various case studies, such as the Dongria Kondh tribe of Odisha's fight and the Narmada Valley project, and gives vent to the role played by judiciary, state governments, and civil society in redressing these concerns. It therefore implies potential reforms of the Indian federal structure that will better respond to needs and concerns among tribal communities in line with international comparisons. The conclusion emphasizes a greater demand for inclusiveness and participation in development so that tribal rights are accommodated but also infuse into the social, economic, and political framework of India.