India’s Education System and the New Educational Policy 2020: A Historical and Contemporary Analysis

Abstract

The historical evolution of educational system of the Country reflects from an indigenous Gurukul system with emphasis on holistic and value- based learning to the educational policies of Colonial influence. The track of Indian education has undergone a paradigm shift from tradition to colonial dominated education. The post independent educational reforms primarily aimed to democratize educational system with emphasis on development, equity and national integration. While analyzing historical evolution of education system, it is not to be noted that it has undergone continuous changes and evolution from the indigenous. Gurukul system to the colonial education policies. Traditionally the education system had focused on spirituality, morality, practical learning and holistic approach. But Colonial education system mainly emphasized administrative system and the introduction of a new class suited to serve Colonial perspective. But after independence, the system focused on democratization, national integration and socio- economic development and with the introduction of New Educational Policy (NEP) in the year 2020, the system further turned into skill – based multidisciplinary approach. The present study is intended to explore the historical evolution of education system in India and analyses various aspects of NEP 2020 with critical approach. The work also highlights the significance of transformation of education by connecting historical developments with contemporary educational approach, so that India’s future can be shaped accordingly for the social, economic and democratic development of the society.